Image copyright AFPThere are growing demands from India"s military for a robust riposte to Pakistan, after Sunday"s dawn attack by four gunmen which saw 17 soldiers killed at the army"s Uri cantonment in Indian-administered Kashmir.
"I assure the nation that those behind this despicable attack will not go unpunished," Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared just hours after the strike.
Mr Modi did not name Pakistan, but his response to the attack has boosted those who would like to see a tactical comeback by the Indian army against Pakistan"s military, which is being blamed by senior leaders in Delhi for helping launch the attack.
Pakistan has denied such allegations, dismissing it as a knee-jerk response by India and no group has said it carried out the killings.
Vindicating the "honour" of the army – with force
But the army is itching to respond to the Uri attack, seeking to kill more than the 17 soldiers it lost, to vindicate its "izzat", or honour, in a move guaranteed to escalate tension between the nuclear-armed neighbours.
Defence planners in Delhi have long believed, erroneously, that India can successfully execute swift punitive strikes against Pakistan without crossing the nuclear threshold.
They claim to have optimistically war-gamed scenarios like a response to the Uri attack, confident of "teaching Pakistan a lesson" long before its army-controlled Strategic Plans Division unsheathes the nuclear sabre.
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Meanwhile, security insiders are of the view that the army"s "aggressive school" is being encouraged by Mr Modi and National Security Adviser Ajit Doval"s muscular approach in dealing with Pakistan – but that this approach is not mindful of the broader potential consequences.
The "strike now" school of thought
"It"s time we snatched the tactical advantage away from Pakistan by countering such an attack and showed them what the Indian army is capable of doing," said military analyst, retired Lieutenant General Vijay Kapoor.
"We have kept our peace for too long and cannot allow terrorist proxies run by the Pakistan army to prevail time and again by attacking us," he added.
"The reaction to the Uri attack must be swift," said former army deputy chief of staff Lt Gen Raj Kadiyan.
"This sort of situation in which we keep getting hit cannot go on indefinitely."
Senior army officers, however, are agreed that a calculated response at a time and place of India"s choosing should be dramatic and in direct proportion to the publicity it would generate to appease public and official sentiment over the Uri strike.
They would prefer to duplicate the special forces raid conducted against two Naga insurgent camps deep inside Myanmar in June 2015, to avenge the killing of 18 soldiers whose convoy was ambushed in Manipur"s Chandel district a few days earlier.
At the time, the army, in connivance with the federal security establishment, even encouraged some special forces personnel on the raid to give media interviews, providing classified operational details in an attempt to vindicate the army"s izzat.
But, as has been pointed out innumerable times since then, such an option are simply not possible with regard to Pakistan.
Besides, military experts argue that any retaliation to the Uri attack would need to be quick, as diplomatic pressure from countries like the US were already kicking in to preclude such an option, leaving little time to manoeuvre or possibilities to pursue.
The "fire across the line" option for India
Options too are circumscribed.
The most obvious one is selective firing across the Line of Control (LoC), the de facto border, but that would in effect mean ending the November 2003 bilateral ceasefire agreement.
The second and possibly only other prospect would be a "selective fire assault" across the LoC near Uri, through which the militants infiltrated, to strike at a Pakistani forward base or headquarters. That has, no doubt, been gamed earlier.
But for this to succeed time would be of the essence, as counter-measures would already be in place on the Pakistani side, so many feel it would already be too late for any such attempt.
The option to just create diplomatic noise
But other analysts and military officers differ.
They believe that despite severe provocation, India, intimidated by Pakistan"s trigger-happy nuclear tsars, is incapable of responding militarily to Islamabad, seeking instead the largely ineffective diplomatic and political route to try and chastise it.
"Over decades, including during the Kargil war, India has always looked to the US and other countries to discipline Pakistan, as there is little it is capable of doing itself," said former Major Gen Sheru Thapliyal. Robust, meaningful reaction is certainly not an option it can pursue, he added.
The attack comes just ahead of the UN session in New York in which Pakistan aims to highlight atrocities it alleges have been committed by the Indian security forces in Indian-administered Kashmir.
It recently dispatched 22 of its senior leaders and officials across the world to highlight the Kashmir situation.
India, for its part plans to retaliate by raising human rights issues in Pakistan"s restive Balochistan province promising a diplomatic stand-off between the neighbours.
But what about internal security in the first place?
In the meantime, the din of the militant attack has somewhat masked the lax security in the Uri cantonment along the LoC, that enabled the strike.
An inquiry has been launched into it, and will no doubt apportion responsibility and punish those responsible, but many senior officers believe the army is too deeply deployed on internal security operations to remain constantly alert.
This is reminiscent of the sloppiness in security that resulted in the ambush of an army convoy in Manipur last year.
Little, it seems, has been learned.
How India"s army might avenge Kashmir attack
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